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| Stage | Decision | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| formulation_decision | Refined mesh (num_y=21, num_x=3) for production-quality results | Coarse mesh (ny=7) proved formulation works. 21 spanwise panels provides adequate resolution of spanwise lift and structural loads. 3 chordwise panels capture camber effects. |
| dv_selection | CD objective with CL=0.5 and structural mass <= 3000 kg constraints | Fuelburn objective with L=W constraint proved numerically unstable with SLSQP (oscillating L_equals_W, singular matrices). CD minimization with CL constraint is better conditioned. Mass constraint prevents thickness from hitting upper bounds and produces realistic structural sizing. Coarse mesh converged in 35 iterations with this formulation. |
| dv_selection | Structural mass upper bound 3000 kg | E190-class wing structural weight is approximately 3000-4000 kg. Upper bound of 3000 kg forces the optimizer to trade structural stiffness against aerodynamic performance, producing meaningful thickness distributions. |